October 16

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October 16 in recent years
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October 16 is the 289th day of the year (290th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 76 days remain until the end of the year.

Events

Pre-1600

  • 0456 – Ricimer defeats Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the Western Roman Empire.[1]
  • 0690 – Empress Wu Zetian ascends to the throne of the Tang dynasty and proclaims herself ruler of the Chinese Empire.
  • 0912 – Abd ar-Rahman III becomes the eighth Emir of Córdoba.[2]
  • 0955 – King Otto I defeats a Slavic revolt in what is now Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.
  • 1311 – The Council of Vienne convenes for the first time.[3]
  • 1384 – Jadwiga is crowned King of Poland, although she is a woman.
  • 1590 – Prince Gesualdo of Venosa murders his wife and her lover.

1601–1900

  • 1736 – Mathematician William Whiston's predicted comet fails to strike the Earth.[4]
  • 1780 – American Revolutionary War: The British-led Royalton raid is the last Native American raid on New England.
  • 1780 – The Great Hurricane of 1780 finishes after its sixth day, killing between 20,000 and 24,000 residents of the Lesser Antilles.[5]
  • 1793 – French Revolution: Queen Marie Antoinette is executed.
  • 1793 – War of the First Coalition: French victory at the Battle of Wattignies forces Austria to raise the siege of Maubeuge.
  • 1805 – War of the Third Coalition: Napoleon surrounds the Austrian army at Ulm.[6]
  • 1813 – The Sixth Coalition attacks Napoleon in the three-day Battle of Leipzig.
  • 1817 – Simón Bolívar sentences Manuel Piar to death for challenging the racial-caste in Venezuela.[7]
  • 1834 – Much of the ancient structure of the Palace of Westminster in London burns to the ground.
  • 1836 – Great Trek: Afrikaner voortrekkers repulse a Matabele attack, but lose their livestock.
  • 1841 – Queen's University is founded in the Province of Canada.
  • 1843 – William Rowan Hamilton invents quaternions, a three-dimensional system of complex numbers.
  • 1846 – William T. G. Morton administers ether anesthesia during a surgical operation.
  • 1847 – The novel Jane Eyre is published in London.
  • 1859 – John Brown leads a raid on Harpers Ferry, Virginia.
  • 1869 – The Cardiff Giant, one of the most famous American hoaxes, is "discovered".
  • 1869 – Girton College, Cambridge is founded, becoming England's first residential college for women.
  • 1875 – Brigham Young University is founded in Provo, Utah.
  • 1882 – The Nickel Plate Railroad opens for business.

1901–present

Births

Pre-1600

1601–1900

1901–present

  • 1903 – Cecile de Brunhoff, French author and pianist (d. 2003)
  • 1903 – Big Joe Williams, American Delta blues singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1982)
  • 1904 – Björn Berglund, Swedish actor (d. 1968)
  • 1905 – Ernst Kuzorra, German footballer and manager (d. 1990)
  • 1906 – León Klimovsky, Argentinian actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 1996)
  • 1907 – Richard Titmuss, English sociologist and academic (d. 1973)
  • 1908 – Olivia Coolidge, English-American author and educator (d. 2006)[14]
  • 1908 – Enver Hoxha, Albanian general and politician, Prime Minister of Albania (d. 1985)
  • 1911 – Otto von Bülow, German commander (d. 2006)
  • 1912 – Clifford Hansen, American rancher and politician, 26th Governor of Wyoming (d. 2009)
  • 1918 – Louis Althusser, Algerian-French philosopher and academic (d. 1990)
  • 1918 – Abraham Nemeth, American mathematician and academic (d. 2013)
  • 1918 – Tony Rolt, English race car driver and engineer (d. 2008)
  • 1919 – Kathleen Winsor, American journalist and author (d. 2003)[15]
  • 1920 – Paddy Finucane, Irish fighter pilot and flying ace (d. 1942)
  • 1921 – Matt Batts, American baseball player and coach (d. 2013)
  • 1921 – Sita Ram Goel, Indian historian, publisher and writer (d. 2003)
  • 1921 – MacKenzie Miller, American horse trainer and breeder (d. 2010)
  • 1922 – Max Bygraves, English-Australian actor and singer (d. 2012)
  • 1922 – Leon Sullivan, American minister and activist (d. 2001)
  • 1923 – Linda Darnell, American actress (d. 1965)
  • 1923 – Bert Kaempfert, German conductor and composer (d. 1980)
  • 1923 – Bill McLaren, Scottish rugby player and sportscaster (d. 2010)
  • 1924 – Gerard Parkes, Irish-Canadian actor (d. 2014)
  • 1925 – Angela Lansbury, English-American actress, singer, and producer [16]
  • 1926 – Charles Dolan, American businessman, founded Cablevision and HBO
  • 1927 – Günter Grass, German novelist, poet, playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2015)
  • 1928 – Mary Daly, American philosopher and theologian (d. 2010)[17]
  • 1928 – Ann Morgan Guilbert, American actress (d. 2016)
  • 1929 – Fernanda Montenegro, Brazilian actress
  • 1930 – John Polkinghorne, English physicist, theologian and priest (d. 2021)
  • 1930 – Carmen Sevilla, Spanish actress
  • 1931 – Charles Colson, American lawyer and politician (d. 2012)
  • 1931 – Valery Klimov, Ukrainian-Russian violinist and educator
  • 1931 – Rosa Rosal, Filipino actress
  • 1931 – P. W. Underwood, American football player and coach (d. 2013)
  • 1932 – John Grant, English journalist and politician (d. 2000)
  • 1932 – Henry Lewis, American bassist and conductor (d. 1996)
  • 1932 – Lucien Paiement, Canadian physician and politician (d. 2013)
  • 1933 – Nobuyo Ōyama, Japanese voice actress
  • 1934 – Peter Ashdown, English race car driver
  • 1936 – Peter Bowles, English actor and screenwriter
  • 1936 – Andrei Chikatilo, Ukrainian-Russian serial killer (d. 1994)
  • 1936 – Mladen Koščak, Croatian footballer (d. 1997)
  • 1936 – Akira Machida, Japanese lawyer and judge, 15th Chief Justice of Japan (d. 2015)
  • 1938 – Carl Gunter, Jr., American politician (d. 1999)
  • 1938 – Nico, German singer-songwriter, model, and actress (d. 1988)
  • 1940 – Barry Corbin, American actor and producer
  • 1940 – Dave DeBusschere, American basketball player and coach (d. 2003)
  • 1940 – Ivan Della Mea, Italian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and journalist (d. 2009)
  • 1941 – Tim McCarver, American baseball player, sportscaster, and singer
  • 1941 – Emma Nicholson, Baroness Nicholson of Winterbourne, English computer programmer and politician
  • 1943 – Fred Turner, Canadian singer-songwriter and bass player
  • 1944 – Kaizer Motaung, South African footballer and manager
  • 1945 – Stefan Buczacki, English horticulturalist, botanist, and television host
  • 1945 – Roger Hawkins, American session drummer
  • 1945 – Paul Monette, American author and poet (d. 1995)
  • 1946 – Geoff Barnett, English footballer (d. 2021)
  • 1946 – Suzanne Somers, American actress and producer
  • 1947 – Nicholas Day, English actor
  • 1947 – Terry Griffiths, Welsh snooker player and coach
  • 1947 – Bob Weir, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
  • 1947 – David Zucker, American director, producer, and screenwriter
  • 1948 – Alison Chitty, English production designer and costume designer
  • 1948 – Bruce Fleisher, American golfer
  • 1948 – Hema Malini, Indian actress, director, producer, and politician
  • 1948 – Leo Mazzone, American baseball player and coach
  • 1950 – Károly Horváth, Romanian-Hungarian cellist, flute player, and composer (d. 2015)
  • 1950 – Angry Grandpa, American internet personality (d. 2017)
  • 1952 – Christopher Cox, American lawyer and politician
  • 1952 – Cordell Mosson, American bass player (d. 2013)
  • 1952 – Crazy Mohan, Indian actor, screenwriter, and playwright (d. 2019)
  • 1952 – Glenys Thornton, Baroness Thornton, English politician
  • 1953 – Tony Carey, American keyboard player, songwriter, and producer
  • 1953 – Paulo Roberto Falcão, Brazilian footballer and manager
  • 1954 – Lorenzo Carcaterra, American author and blogger
  • 1954 – Michael Forsyth, Baron Forsyth of Drumlean, Scottish politician, Secretary of State for Scotland
  • 1954 – Serafino Ghizzoni, Italian rugby player
  • 1954 – Corinna Harfouch, German actress
  • 1955 – Kieran Doherty, Irish Republican hunger striker and politician[18]
  • 1955 – Ellen Dolan, American actress
  • 1956 – Marin Alsop, American violinist and conductor
  • 1956 – John Chavis, American football player and coach
  • 1956 – Meg Rosoff, American-English author
  • 1956 – Rudra Mohammad Shahidullah, Bangladeshi poet, author, and playwright (d. 1992)
  • 1957 – Priidu Beier, Estonian poet and educator
  • 1958 – Roy McDonough, English footballer and manager
  • 1958 – Tim Robbins, American actor, director, and screenwriter
  • 1959 – Kevin Brennan, Welsh journalist and politician
  • 1959 – Brian Harper, American baseball player
  • 1959 – Gary Kemp, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor
  • 1959 – Philip Maini, Northern Irish mathematician at the University of Oxford
  • 1959 – Tessa Munt, English lawyer and politician
  • 1959 – Jamie Salmon, English-New Zealand rugby player and sportscaster
  • 1959 – Erkki-Sven Tüür, Estonian flute player and composer
  • 1959 – John Whittingdale, English politician
  • 1960 – Guy LeBlanc, Canadian keyboard player and songwriter (d. 2015)
  • 1960 – Bob Mould, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
  • 1961 – Marc Levy, French author
  • 1961 – Randy Vasquez, American actor, director, and producer
  • 1961 – Scott O'Hara, American pornographic performer, author, poet, editor and publisher (d. 1998)
  • 1962 – Flea, Australian-American bass player, songwriter, and actor
  • 1962 – Manute Bol, Sudanese-American basketball player and activist (d. 2010)
  • 1962 – Dmitri Hvorostovsky, Russian opera singer (d. 2017)
  • 1962 – Nico Lazaridis, German footballer
  • 1962 – Tamara McKinney, American skier
  • 1963 – Brendan Kibble, Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist
  • 1963 – Timothy Leighton, English physicist and academic
  • 1964 – Shawn Little, Canadian lawyer and politician (d. 2012)
  • 1964 – James Thompson, American-Finnish author (d. 2014)
  • 1965 – Kang Kyung-ok, South Korean illustrator
  • 1965 – Tom Tolbert, American basketball player and sportscaster
  • 1966 – Olof Lundh, Swedish journalist
  • 1966 – Mary Elizabeth McGlynn, American voice actress, singer, and director
  • 1967 – Michael Laffy, Australian footballer
  • 1967 – Davina McCall, English television host and actress
  • 1968 – Randall Batinkoff, American actor and producer
  • 1968 – Mark Lee, Singaporean actor and singer
  • 1968 – Francesco Libetta, Italian pianist, composer, and conductor
  • 1968 – Todd Stashwick, American actor and writer
  • 1968 – Elsa Zylberstein, French actress
  • 1969 – Roy Hargrove, American trumpet player and composer (d. 2018)
  • 1969 – Takao Omori, Japanese wrestler
  • 1969 – Terri J. Vaughn, American actress and producer
  • 1969 – Wendy Wilson, American singer-songwriter
  • 1970 – Kazuyuki Fujita, Japanese wrestler and mixed martial artist
  • 1970 – Mehmet Scholl, German footballer and manager
  • 1971 – Chad Gray, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
  • 1971 – Paul Sparks, American actor
  • 1971 – Frank Cuesta, Spanish television presenter
  • 1972 – Adrianne Frost, American comedian, actress, and author
  • 1972 – Darius Kasparaitis, Lithuanian-Russian ice hockey player and coach
  • 1972 – Kordell Stewart, American football player and radio host
  • 1973 – Justin Credible, American wrestler
  • 1973 – David Unsworth, English footballer and manager
  • 1974 – Aurela Gaçe, Albanian singer
  • 1974 – Paul Kariya, Canadian ice hockey player
  • 1975 – Ernesto Noel Aquino, Honduran footballer
  • 1975 – Brynjar Gunnarsson, Icelandic footballer
  • 1975 – Jacques Kallis, South African cricketer
  • 1975 – Kellie Martin, American actress, director, and producer
  • 1977 – John Mayer, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
  • 1980 – Sue Bird, Israeli-American basketball player
  • 1980 – Timana Tahu, Australian rugby league player
  • 1981 – Brea Grant, American actress and writer[19]
  • 1981 – Martin Halle, Danish footballer
  • 1981 – Boyd Melson, American boxer
  • 1981 – Anthony Reyes, American baseball player
  • 1982 – Frédéric Michalak, French rugby player
  • 1982 – Cristian Riveros, Paraguayan footballer
  • 1982 – Prithviraj Sukumaran, Indian actor, singer, and producer
  • 1983 – Philipp Kohlschreiber, German tennis player
  • 1983 – Kenny Omega, Canadian wrestler
  • 1984 – François Pervis, French track cyclist
  • 1984 – Rachel Reilly, American talk show host and actress
  • 1985 – Jay Beagle, Canadian ice hockey player
  • 1985 – Verena Sailer, German sprinter
  • 1985 – Casey Stoner, Australian motorcycle racer
  • 1985 – Peter Wallace, Australian rugby league player
  • 1986 – Nicky Adams, English-Welsh footballer
  • 1986 – Derk Boerrigter, Dutch footballer
  • 1988 – Zoltán Stieber, Hungarian footballer
  • 1989 – Dan Biggar, Welsh rugby player
  • 1992 – Bryce Harper, American baseball player
  • 1992 – Kostas Fortounis, Greek footballer
  • 1992 – Stuart Lightbody, Irish badminton player[20]
  • 1993 – Caroline Garcia, French tennis player
  • 1994 – Adam Elliott, Australian rugby league player
  • 1997 – Charles Leclerc, Monégasque Formula One driver
  • 1997 – Naomi Osaka, Haitian-Japanese tennis player

Deaths

Pre-1600

1601–1900

1901–present

  • 1904 – Haritina Korotkevich, Russian heroine (b. 1882)[24]
  • 1908 – Joseph Leycester Lyne, English monk (b. 1837)
  • 1909 – Jakub Bart-Ćišinski, German poet and playwright (b. 1856)
  • 1913 – Ralph Rose, American shot putter, discus, and hammer thrower (b. 1885)
  • 1936 – Effie Adelaide Rowlands, British writer (b. 1859)
  • 1937 – Jean de Brunhoff, French poet and playwright (b. 1899)
  • 1946 – Nuremberg trial executions of the Main Trial:
  • 1947 – Anna B. Eckstein, German peace activist (b. 1868)[25]
  • 1951 – Liaquat Ali Khan, Indian-Pakistani lawyer and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Pakistan (b 1895)
  • 1956 – Jules Rimet, French businessman (b. 1873)
  • 1957 – John Anthony Sydney Ritson, English rugby player, mines inspector, engineer and educator (b. 1887)
  • 1958 – Robert Redfield, American anthropologist of Mexico (b. 1897)
  • 1959 – Minor Hall, American drummer (b. 1897)
  • 1959 – George Marshall, American general and politician, 3rd United States Secretary of Defense, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1880)
  • 1962 – Gaston Bachelard, French poet and philosopher (b. 1884)
  • 1964 – Patsy Callighen, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1906)
  • 1966 – George O'Hara, American actor and screenwriter (b. 1899)
  • 1968 – Ellis Kinder, American baseball player (b. 1914)
  • 1971 – Robin Boyd, Australian architect and educator, designed the Domain Park Flats (b. 1919)
  • 1972 – Nick Begich, American lawyer and politician (b. 1932)
  • 1972 – Hale Boggs, American lawyer and politician (b. 1914)
  • 1972 – Leo G. Carroll, English-American actor (b. 1886)
  • 1973 – Gene Krupa, American drummer, composer, and actor (b. 1909)
  • 1975 – Vittorio Gui, Italian conductor and composer (b. 1885)
  • 1978 – Dan Dailey, American actor, singer, dancer, and director (b. 1913)
  • 1979 – Johan Borgen, Norwegian author and critic (b. 1903)
  • 1981 – Moshe Dayan, Israeli general and politician, 5th Foreign Affairs Minister of Israel (b. 1915)
  • 1981 – Eugene Eisenmann, Panamanian-American lawyer and ornithologist (b. 1906)
  • 1982 – Mario Del Monaco, Italian tenor (b. 1915)
  • 1983 – Jakov Gotovac, Croatian composer and conductor (b. 1895)
  • 1986 – Arthur Grumiaux, Belgian violinist and pianist (b. 1921)
  • 1989 – Walter Farley, American author and educator (b. 1915)
  • 1989 – Scott O'Dell, American journalist and author (b. 1898)
  • 1989 – Cornel Wilde, American actor (b. 1915)
  • 1990 – Art Blakey, American drummer and bandleader (b. 1919)
  • 1990 – Jorge Bolet, Cuban-American pianist and educator (b. 1914)
  • 1992 – Shirley Booth, American actress and singer (b. 1898)
  • 1996 – Jason Bernard, American actor (b. 1938)
  • 1996 – Eric Malpass, English author (b. 1910)
  • 1997 – Audra Lindley, American actress (b. 1918)
  • 1997 – James A. Michener, American author and philanthropist (b. 1907)
  • 1998 – Jon Postel, American computer scientist and academic (b. 1943)
  • 1999 – Jean Shepherd, American radio host, actor, and screenwriter (b. 1921)
  • 2000 – Mel Carnahan, American lieutenant, lawyer, and politician, 51st Governor of Missouri (b. 1934)
  • 2000 – Rick Jason, American actor (b. 1923)
  • 2001 – Etta Jones, American singer-songwriter (b. 1928)
  • 2003 – Avni Arbaş, Turkish painter (b. 1919)
  • 2003 – Stu Hart, Canadian wrestler and trainer (b. 1915)
  • 2003 – László Papp, Hungarian boxer (b. 1926)
  • 2004 – Pierre Salinger, American journalist and politician, 11th White House Press Secretary (b. 1925)
  • 2006 – John Victor Murra, Ukrainian-American anthropologist and academic (b. 1916)
  • 2006 – Valentín Paniagua, Peruvian lawyer and politician, 91st President of Peru (b. 1936)
  • 2007 – Deborah Kerr, Scottish actress (b. 1921)
  • 2007 – Toše Proeski, Macedonian singer-songwriter (b. 1981)
  • 2008 – Dagmar Normet, Estonian author and translator (b. 1921)
  • 2010 – Eyedea, American rapper and producer (b. 1981)
  • 2010 – Barbara Billingsley, American actress (b. 1915) )[26]
  • 2011 – Dan Wheldon, English race car driver (b. 1978)
  • 2012 – Frank Moore Cross, American scholar and academic (b. 1921)
  • 2012 – John A. Durkin, American lawyer and politician (b. 1936)
  • 2012 – Mario Gallegos, Jr., American firefighter and politician (b. 1950)
  • 2012 – Bódog Török, Hungarian handball player and coach (b. 1923)
  • 2012 – Eddie Yost, American baseball player and coach (b. 1926)
  • 2013 – Govind Purushottam Deshpande, Indian playwright and academic (b. 1938)
  • 2013 – George Hourmouziadis, Greek archaeologist and academic (b. 1932)
  • 2013 – Ed Lauter, American actor (b. 1938)[27]
  • 2013 – Laurel Martyn, Australian ballerina and choreographer (b. 1916)
  • 2013 – Robert B. Rheault, American colonel (b. 1925)
  • 2013 – Saggy Tahir, Pakistani-American lawyer and politician (b. 1944)
  • 2014 – Ioannis Charalambopoulos, Greek colonel and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1919)
  • 2014 – Allen Forte, American musicologist and theorist (b. 1926)
  • 2014 – Seppo Kuusela, Finnish basketball player and coach (b. 1934)
  • 2014 – John Spencer-Churchill, 11th Duke of Marlborough, English businessman (b. 1926)
  • 2015 – Richard J. Cardamone, American lawyer and judge (b. 1925)
  • 2015 – James W. Fowler, American psychologist and academic (b. 1940)
  • 2015 – William James, Australian general and physician (b. 1930)
  • 2015 – Vera Williams, American author and illustrator (b. 1927)
  • 2015 – Memduh Ün, Turkish film producer, director, actor and screenwriter (b. 1920)
  • 2016 – Calvin Carl "Kelly" Gotlieb, Canadian professor and computer scientist (b. 1921)
  • 2017 – Daphne Caruana Galizia, Maltese journalist and blogger (b. 1964)
  • 2017 – Roy Dotrice, British actor (b. 1923)
  • 2017 – John Dunsworth, Canadian actor (b. 1946)
  • 2017 – Sean Hughes, British-born Irish stand-up comedian (b. 1965)

Holidays and observances

References

  1. ^ John of Antioch, fragment 202; translated by C.D. Gordon, Age of Attila, p. 116
  2. ^ "'Abd ar-Rahman III". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. I: A-Ak - Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago, IL: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2010. pp. 17–18. ISBN 978-1-59339-837-8.
  3. ^ "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Council of Vienne (1311-12)". www.newadvent.org. Retrieved 2018-10-16.
  4. ^ "This Month in Physics History". Retrieved 2018-10-16.
  5. ^ "The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492-1996". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2018-10-16.
  6. ^ "Battle of Ulm | German history". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2018-10-16.
  7. ^ "Piar, Manuel Carlos (1782-1817) | The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed". blackpast.org. 2009-08-18. Retrieved 2018-10-16.
  8. ^ Carletta, David M.; Harris, Charles H. (2010). "Review of The Secret War in EI Paso: Mexican Revolutionary Intrigue, 1906-1920, Charles H. Harris III". International Social Science Review. 85 (3/4): 153–155. JSTOR 41887460.
  9. ^ BARNES, JAMES J.; BARNES, PATIENCE P.; CAREY, ARTHUR E. (1986). "An English Translation of Hitler's "Mein Kampf" Printed in Germany, ca. 1940". The Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America. 80 (3): 374–377. doi:10.1086/pbsa.80.3.24303851. JSTOR 24303851. S2CID 192972565.
  10. ^ Vaheri-Hyvärinen-Saari: Hanna-Marjut – Hylyt.net (in Finnish)
  11. ^ M/S Hanna Marjut – Wrecksite.eu
  12. ^ "Million Man March » Center for Remote Sensing » Boston University". Archived from the original on 2017-10-12. Retrieved 2017-10-16.
  13. ^ Smith, Jessie Carney; Phelp, Shirelle (1996). Notable Black American Women Book 2. New York: Gale Research. p. 589. ISBN 978-0-81034-749-6.
  14. ^ Cullinan, Bernice E.; Person, Diane Goetz (2005). The Continuum Encyclopedia of Children's Literature. London: Continuum. p. 193. ISBN 978-0-8264-1778-7.
  15. ^ Vinson, James; Kirkpatrick, Daniel Lane (1982). Twentieth-Century Romance and Gothic Writers. London: Macmillan. p. 706. ISBN 978-0-3333-2138-6.
  16. ^ Larkin, Colin (2000). The Virgin Encyclopedia of Stage and Film Musicals. London: Virgin with Muse. p. 358. ISBN 978-0-7535-0375-1.
  17. ^ Korte, Anne-Marie (2014). "Mary Daly". In Oppy, Graham; Trakakis, Nick N. (eds.). Twentieth-Century Philosophy of Religion. London: Routledge. p. 245. ISBN 978-1-3157-2959-6.
  18. ^ "Kieran Doherty,Died August 2nd, 1981". www.bobbysandstrust.com.
  19. ^ Grant, Brea [@breagrant] (2019-10-16). "It's my birthday..." (Tweet). Archived from the original on 2019-10-16. Retrieved 2019-10-16 – via Twitter.
  20. ^ "Players: Stuart Lightbody". bwfbadminton.com. Badminton World Federation. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
  21. ^ "Gregory XIV | pope". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 11 February 2020.
  22. ^ Lassner, Martin (18 July 2011). "Johann Rudolf Stadler". Dictionnaire historique de la Suisse (DHS) (in French). Retrieved 13 April 2020.
  23. ^ "Marie-Antoinette | Facts, Biography, & French Revolution". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
  24. ^ Smetanin, Alexander Ivanovich (1991). Оборона Порт-Артура (in Russian). Moscow: Voennoe Izd-vo. p. 103. ISBN 978-5-2030-0488-8.
  25. ^ Lammel, Wolfgang (30 June 2018). "Vision Weltfrieden: Die Pazifistin Anna B. Eckstein". Sonntagsblatt (in German). Munich. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
  26. ^ McLellan, Dennis (October 16, 2010). "Barbara Billingsley, Mother on 'Leave It to Beaver', Dies at 94". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on November 17, 2010. Retrieved December 22, 2021.
  27. ^ "Veteran character actor Ed Lauter dies at age 74". The San Francisco Chronicle. October 17, 2013. Archived from the original on 2013-10-20. Retrieved October 18, 2013.
  28. ^ "Boss's Day in the United States". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
  29. ^ "International Days". www.un.org. 6 January 2015. Retrieved 2 January 2021.

External links