Chief of Army (Australia)
| Chief of Army | |
|---|---|
 | |
 | |
| Australian Army | |
| Style | Lieutenant General |
| Abbreviation | CA |
| Member of | Australian Defence Force |
| Reports to | Chief of the Defence Force |
| Term length | Four years |
| Formation | 29 January 1902 |
| First holder | Major General Sir Edward Hutton |
| Deputy | Deputy Chief of Army |
| Website | Official website |
The Chief of Army is the most senior appointment in the Australian Army, responsible to both the Chief of the Defence Force (CDF) and the Secretary, Department of Defence (SECDEF). The rank associated with the position is lieutenant general (3-star).
Lieutenant General Richard Burr, the incumbent Chief of Army, has held the post since 2 July 2018.
History
The first Commander of the Australian Army was titled General Officer Commanding, Australian Military Forces, in line with the usual British practice of the time.[1] Experience soon showed that the position concentrated more power than the Ministers for Defence—of whom there were twelve in as many years in 1901–1913—liked.[2] Moreover, the British Army had encountered administrative problems in the Second Boer War which led to the abolition of the position of Commander-in-Chief of the Forces there in 1904, and its replacement by an Army Board.[3]
In 1904, Minister for Defence Anderson Dawson commissioned a report which recommended a similar system for Australia, with a Military Board consisting of four military members, the minister, and a finance member. This was implemented by his successor, James Whiteside McCay. However instead of creating a Chief of the General Staff as per the report, McCay's Military Board consisted of only three military members, the Deputy Adjutant General, the Chief of Ordnance, and the Chief of Intelligence.[4]
The post of Chief of the General Staff was finally created by the new Minister of Defence, George Pearce, in 1909, with Colonel William Bridges becoming the first Chief of the General Staff. The military members of the Military Board then became the Chief of the General Staff, Adjutant General, Chief of Ordnance, and Quartermaster General.[5]
During the Second World War, the threat of invasion led to a reversion to the old system. A Commander in Chief, General Sir Thomas Blamey, was appointed, and the Military Board was suspended, with its powers being transferred to the Commander in Chief. The post of Chief of the General Staff remained, but was now subordinate to the Commander in Chief.[6]
This was successful from a military point of view but the problem of a concentration of power recurred and, after the war ended, the government decided to re-form the Military Board. Blamey was replaced by Lieutenant General Vernon Sturdee in 1945 and the next year the post of Commander in Chief was again abolished, with Sturdee becoming Chief of the General Staff.[7]
The system continued until the reforms of Arthur Tange in 1973. The three services were unified under the Department of Defence. The Military Board was abolished and the Chief of the General Staff became subordinate to the Chief of the Defence Force Staff and the Secretary of Defence.[8] Reflecting this change from a staff to a command role, the post was renamed Chief of Army in 1997.[9]
Appointees
The following table lists all those who have held the post of Chief of Army or its preceding positions. Ranks and honours are as at the completion of their tenure.[10]
| No. | Portrait | Name | Took office | Left office | Time in office |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General Officer Commanding Australian Military Forces | |||||
| 1 | Major General Sir Edward Hutton KCB, KCMG (1848–1923) | 29 January 1902 | 10 November 1904 | 1 year, 285 days | |
| 2 | Major General Harry Finn CB, DCM (1852–1924) | 11 November 1904 | 12 January 1905 | 62 days | |
| Chief of the General Staff | |||||
| 3 | Colonel William Bridges CMG (1861–1915) | 1 January 1909 | 25 May 1909 | 144 days | |
| 4 | Major General Sir John Hoad KCMG (1856–1911) | 26 May 1909 | 30 May 1911 | 2 years, 4 days | |
| 5 | Lieutenant Colonel Francis Adrian Wilson DSO (1874–1956) | 1 June 1911 | 10 May 1912 | 344 days | |
| 6 | Brigadier General Joseph Maria Gordon CB (1856–1929) | 11 May 1912 | 31 July 1914 | 2 years, 81 days | |
| 7 | Colonel James Gordon Legge CMG (1863–1947) | 1 August 1914 | 23 May 1915 | 295 days | |
| 8 | Colonel Godfrey Irving CMG (1867–1937) | 24 May 1915 | 31 December 1915 | 221 days | |
| 9 | Colonel Hubert Foster (1855–1919) | 1 January 1916 | 30 September 1917 | 1 year, 272 days | |
| (7) | Major General James Gordon Legge CB, CMG (1863–1947) | 1 October 1917 | 31 May 1920 | 2 years, 243 days | |
| 10 | Lieutenant General Sir Brudenell White KCMG, KCVO, CB, DSO (1876–1940) | 1 June 1920 | 10 June 1923 | 3 years, 9 days | |
| 11 | General Sir Harry Chauvel GCMG, KCB (1865–1945) | 11 June 1923 | 15 April 1930 | 6 years, 308 days | |
| 12 | Major General Walter Coxen CB, CMG, DSO (1870–1949) | 16 April 1930 | 30 September 1931 | 1 year, 167 days | |
| 13 | Major General Sir Julius Bruche KCB, CMG (1873–1961) | 1 October 1931 | 20 April 1935 | 3 years, 201 days | |
| 14 | Major General John Lavarack CB, CMG, DSO (1885–1957) | 21 April 1935 | 12 October 1939 | 4 years, 174 days | |
| 15 | Lieutenant General Ernest Squires CB, DSO, MC (1882–1940) | 13 October 1939 | 26 January 1940 | 105 days | |
| 16 | Major General John Northcott CB (1890–1966) | 27 January 1940 | 17 March 1940 | 50 days | |
| (10) | General Sir Brudenell White KCB, KCMG, KCVO, DSO (1876–1940) | 18 March 1940 | 13 August 1940 | 148 days | |
| 17 | Lieutenant General Vernon Sturdee CBE, DSO (1890–1966) | 14 August 1940 | 9 September 1942 | 2 years, 26 days | |
| (16) | Lieutenant General John Northcott CB (1890–1966) | 10 September 1942 | 30 November 1945 | 3 years, 81 days | |
| (17) | Lieutenant General Sir Vernon Sturdee KBE, CB, DSO (1890–1966) | 1 December 1945 | 16 April 1950 | 4 years, 136 days | |
| 18 | Lieutenant General Sir Sydney Rowell KBE, CB (1894–1975) | 17 April 1950 | 15 December 1954 | 4 years, 242 days | |
| 19 | Lieutenant General Sir Henry Wells KBE, CB, DSO (1898–1973) | 16 December 1954 | 22 March 1958 | 3 years, 96 days | |
| 20 | Lieutenant General Sir Ragnar Garrett KBE, CB (1900–1977) | 23 March 1958 | 30 June 1960 | 2 years, 99 days | |
| 21 | Lieutenant General Sir Reg Pollard KBE, CB, DSO (1903–1978) | 1 July 1960 | 20 January 1963 | 2 years, 203 days | |
| 22 | Lieutenant General Sir John Wilton KBE, CB, DSO (1910–1981) | 21 January 1963 | 18 May 1966 | 3 years, 117 days | |
| 23 | Lieutenant General Sir Thomas Daly KBE, CB, DSO (1913–2004) | 19 May 1966 | 18 May 1971 | 4 years, 364 days | |
| 24 | Lieutenant General Sir Mervyn Brogan KBE, CB (1915–1994) | 19 May 1971 | 19 November 1973 | 2 years, 184 days | |
| 25 | Lieutenant General Frank Hassett AC, CB, CBE, DSO, LVO (1918–2008) | 20 November 1973 | 23 November 1975 | 2 years, 3 days | |
| 26 | Lieutenant General Arthur MacDonald CB, OBE (1919–1995) | 24 November 1975 | 20 April 1977 | 1 year, 147 days | |
| 27 | Lieutenant General Sir Donald Dunstan KBE, CB (1923–2011) | 21 April 1977 | 14 February 1982 | 4 years, 304 days | |
| 28 | Lieutenant General Sir Phillip Bennett KBE, AO, DSO (born 1928) | 15 February 1982 | 12 February 1984 | 1 year, 362 days | |
| 29 | Lieutenant General Peter Gration AO, OBE (born 1932) | 13 February 1984 | 12 April 1987 | 3 years, 58 days | |
| 30 | Lieutenant General Lawrence O'Donnell AC (born 1933) | 13 April 1987 | 12 April 1990 | 2 years, 364 days | |
| 31 | Lieutenant General John Coates AC, MBE (1932–2018) | 13 April 1990 | 30 April 1992 | 2 years, 17 days | |
| 32 | Lieutenant General John Grey AC (born 1939) | 1 May 1992 | 7 July 1995 | 3 years, 67 days | |
| 33 | Lieutenant General John Sanderson AC (born 1940) | 8 July 1995 | 18 February 1997 | 1 year, 225 days | |
| Chief of Army | |||||
| (33) | Lieutenant General John Sanderson AC (born 1940) | 19 February 1997 | 23 June 1998 | 1 year, 124 days | |
| 34 | Lieutenant General Frank Hickling AO, CSC (born 1941) | 24 June 1998 | 15 July 2000 | 2 years, 21 days | |
| 35 | Lieutenant General Peter Cosgrove AC, MC (born 1947) | 16 July 2000 | 27 June 2002 | 1 year, 346 days | |
| 36 | Lieutenant General Peter Leahy AC (born 1952) | 28 June 2002 | 3 July 2008 | 6 years, 5 days | |
| 37 | Lieutenant General Ken Gillespie AC, DSC, CSM (born 1952) | 4 July 2008 | 24 June 2011 | 2 years, 355 days | |
| 38 | Lieutenant General David Morrison AO (born 1956) | 25 June 2011 | 15 May 2015 | 3 years, 324 days | |
| 39 | Lieutenant General Angus Campbell AO, DSC | 16 May 2015 | 2 July 2018 | 3 years, 47 days | |
| 40 | Lieutenant General Rick Burr AO, DSC, MVO (born 1964) | 2 July 2018 | Incumbent | 3 years, 271 days | |
See also
References
Citations
- ^ Wood 2006, p. 13
- ^ Wood 2006, pp. 50–51
- ^ Wood 2006, pp. xv–xxi
- ^ Wood 2006, pp. 54–59
- ^ Wood 2006, p. 66
- ^ Palazzo 2001, p. 66
- ^ Palazzo 2001, pp. 221–222
- ^ Palazzo 2001, pp. 316–318
- ^ Palazzo 2001, p. 323
- ^ Beaumont 2001, pp. 75–76
Sources
- Beaumont, Joan (2001), Australian Defence: Sources and Statistics, South Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-554118-9
- Palazzo, Albert (2001), The Australian Army: A History of Its Organisation 1901–2001, South Melbourne: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-551506-4
- Wood, James (2006), Chiefs of the Australian army: Higher Command of the Australian Military Forces 1901–1914, Loftus, New South Wales: Australian Military History Publications, ISBN 1-876439-40-8
Media files used on this page
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Lieutenant General Peter Leahy, Chief of Army at the 2008 National Anzac Day service, Australian War Memorial, Canberra.
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Author/Creator: Office of the Official Secretary to the Governor-General, Licence: CC BY 3.0
Sir Peter Cosgrove, Governor-General of Australia
Major General Henry Finn c1906
CAIRO, EGYPT. 1942-02. LIEUTENANT COLONEL R.G. POLLARD, HQ A.I.F. (MIDDLE EAST).
Australian Army Major General Richard "Rick" Burr, Deputy Commanding General (Operations) of U.S. Army Pacific.
Portrait of VX63396 Lieutenant General John Northcott CB MVO, Chief of General Staff, Australian Military Forces.
Chief of the Australian Army, Lieutenant General Angus Campbell poses for a photo in front of an MV-22b Osprey with Marine Medium Tiltrotor Squadron (VMM) 363 on the flight line on U.S. Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, Calif., June 12, 2017. Lieutenant General Campbell flew with VMM-363 to visit the amphibious assault ship USS America (LHA 6) to receive a tour and view the capabilities of the ship. (U.S. Marine Corps photo by Sgt. Tia Dufour/Released)
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AWM caption : Korea. Senior Australian Army Officers in Korea 1953.
Left to right:
- Lieutenant Colonel A.I. Macdonald, CO 3RAR; (Subsequently General Sir Arthur Leslie MacDonald, KBE, CB)
- Lieutenant General Sir Sydney Rowell, CGS;
- Brigadier J.G.N. Wilton, Commander, 28th British Commonwealth Infantry Brigade;
- Lieutenant General H. Wells, Commander-In-Chief BCF Korea;
- Lieutenant Colonel G.F. Larkin, C.O. 2RAR.
"GEN Sir Phillip Bennett, royal governor of Tasmania, prepares to place a wreath at a memorial during a service, part of ceremonies commemorating the 50th anniversary of the Battle of the Coral Sea."
Major General Sir Julius Henry Bruche KCB, CMG when Commandant, Royal Military College, Duntroon 1931.
Author/Creator:
Humphrey & Co
, Licence:Gen. Edward Thomas Henry Hutton in uniform, date c.1898 - 1900
Portrait of Major General (later Lieutenant General) James Gordon Legge, of the 1st Australian Imperial Force, Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB), Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG). Major General Legge organised the Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force (AN&MEF), Commanding 1st Division Australian Infantry Force, and later 2nd Division Australian Infantry Force, on the Western Front.
_at_the_Centenary_of_the_Kangaroo_March_launch.jpg)
(c) Bidgee, CC BY-SA 3.0 au
Lieutenant General Ken Gillespie, AC, DSC, CSM (Ret'd) at the Centenary of the Kangaroo March launch.
Major General Mervyn Francis Brogan OBE, BE, AMIE, General Officer Commanding Australian Northern Command
Portrait of Brigadier Henry Wells CBE DSO, who was later to achieve the rank of lieutenant general and become the first Chairman, Chiefs of Staff Commitee; the professional head of the Australian Military.
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Portrait of General Sir Cyril Brudenell Bingham White KCB KCMG KCVO DSO.
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MELBOURNE - C.G.S. GEN. SQUIRES COMES TO SAY FAREWELL TO ADVANCE PARTY OF 6TH DIVISION ARMY. EMBARKATION. (NEGATIVE BY D.P.).
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Author/Creator: Pacific Aviation Museum, Licence: CC BY 2.0
F-111 Gift Presentation & Dedication
Portrait of General Sir Henry (Harry) George Chauvel GCMG KCB at Maribyrnong camp during the Citizen Military Force (CMF) (Light Horse) camp held there in March 1923.
Lieutenant General Sir John Dudley Lavarack, Governor of Queensland from 1 October 1946 until 4 December 1957.
Prior to taking off from an airfield somewhere in Korea to take over his new command, the 3rd Battalion, The Royal Australian Regiment (3RAR), Lieutenant Colonel F. G. Hassett OBE chats with Major General A. J. H. Cassels CBE CBE DSO General Officer Commanding (GOC) Commonwealth Division, United Nations Forces in Korea. Hassett had a distinguished record as a soldier. He was a Lieutenant Colonel at 23 years of age in World War II, and received his OBE for his services. He gained the DSO for his handling of 3RAR in recent battles against the Communists Forces. In the background is a Douglas C47 Dakota RAAF transport plane.
Portrait of Australian Major General Sir William Throsby Bridges KCB CMG (1861–1915).
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Group portrait of Commonwealth Headquarters Staff. Identified left to right, back row: Captain P N Buckley; Mr Petherbridge; Surgeon General W D C Williams; Mr F Savage. Front row: Colonel H Le Mesurie; Colonel Hoad; Colonel McCay, Minister of Defence; Colonel W T Bridges, Mr J A Thompson.
Flag of the Chief of the Australian Army
Portrait of Brigadier (later Lieutenant General Sir) Ragnar Garrett, Brigadier General Staff I Australian Corps Headquarters in Queensland Australia
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Colonel Godfrey Irving, Camp Commandant of South Australia (on right), with Major C.H. Brand at Keswick Barracks, South Australia. See also PRG 280/1/14/120.
Portrait of Major General Thomas Daly.
Australian Army Chief Lt. Gen. David Morrison
British Brigadier General Joseph M. Gordon (1856-1929)
w:John Coates (general), cropped from DA-SC-90-07037. A US Army captain explains the functions of a training device to Australian Defence Attache Major General H.J. Coates during a tour to the US Army Armor Center in 1985. Location: FORT KNOX
The logo of Australian Army – land warfare branch of Australia's defence forces
Morotai. Colonel J. G. N. Wilton DSO, General Staff Officer, Advanced Land Headquarters